Calling All Local History Fans…

While answering a reference question, we came across this interesting passage describing President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s original plans for a War Department building in Arlington: 

…The new building in Arlington would not be the War Department’s permanent headquarters. Ultimately, the department would return to Foggy Bottom in Washington. “Now, my thought is that this new War Department building [in Arlington] would be built on extremely simple lines, and that when this emergency is over, and the War Department… reverts to a peacetime status, they will be able to come back here to their regular place,” he said…

As for the building in Arlington, Roosevelt said, it was perfectly suited for another pet project of his: He wanted a central home for the old files that now used up space in government offices around Washington. He had millions of records in mind, ranging from the individual files of three million Civil War soldiers to the public-land records charting the development of the great West to obscure State Department consular reports on the history of Mongolian ponies. “So I hope that this new building, when this emergency is over, will be used as a records building for the government,” Roosevelt said. – from “The Pentagon: A History” by Steve Vogel, p. 97

In other words, Roosevelt imagined a future where instead of the Pentagon, the area of Southwest Arlington would be home to the much smaller National Archives and Records Administration!

What do you think?

What would have happened to Arlington’s development – and history – if FDR’s vision had been carried out?

• Would the smaller building have allowed the Queen City neighborhood, which was demolished to make room for Pentagon parking and car traffic, to have survived?
• How would a smaller National Archives building have impacted neighborhood traffic patterns, or the planning of 395 and the metro lines?
• Would Arlington and Arlington’s post WWII growth rate have changed?
• What would have been the impact on military contractors, if the military headquarters had moved back to Foggy Bottom?

Share your thoughts in the comments!

Images of the Pentagon in the 1940s, from the Center for Local History collection:

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Vietnam in Clarendon

For a brief period in the late 1970s and early 1980s, a small area of Clarendon became a hub of activity for America’s newest immigrant group, the Vietnamese – and even gained international fame.

The Vietnam Center was one of many Vietnamese shops in Clarendon.

For the first half of the twentieth century, Clarendon had been Arlington’s shopping and social center, with stores, movie theaters, offices and restaurants populated by people who used buses and trolley lines.

But in the 1950s, Arlingtonians starting spreading out and relying on cars to get around — Parkington (a large parking garage in Ballston) for example, was built in the late 1950s. These more auto-dependent shoppers bypassed Clarendon, which had little to no parking, instead shopping at malls farther west and south. Businesses started folding or leaving the area, and by 1970, Clarendon was a shell of its former self.

In the early and mid-1970s, the first wave of refugees from Vietnam came to the United States.

Many of these “first-wave” immigrants were middle-class and managed to leave Vietnam with their savings and valuables to help them start a new life. Arlington’s immigrant-friendly attitude made the county appealing to these Vietnamese, and the empty storefronts in Clarendon represented an opportunity. Rent was cheap at only about two dollars per square foot, and as immigrant numbers increased with the fall of Saigon in 1975 there was a ready-made clientele, homesick and unsure in a new county.

By 1979, the 3100 block of Wilson Boulevard (near Clarendon Circle) was the business epicenter of what was usually called “Little Saigon” but was also known as the “Ho Chi Minh Trail,” “Mekong Delta” and “Saigon Strip.” These businesses, along with others on N. Hudson, N. Herndon and N. Highland Streets, sold products familiar to Vietnamese immigrants and provided services by Vietnamese businessmen who knew the language and culture. Vietnamese people came from as far away as Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Tennessee to Clarendon to get a taste of home.

Little Saigon’s importance was so vast that “Arlington” was spoken of as a specific destination by those in refugee camps in Southeast Asia.

It was not to last, however; metro was coming and it would change the face of Clarendon. The Clarendon station opened in December of 1979, and over the next five years, rents started to rise in this now prime real estate. Housing was also getting more expensive, driving recent immigrants farther west. Business owners realized they had to relocate or close; with the fall of Little Saigon in Clarendon came the rise of the Eden Center in Falls Church, further south on Wilson Boulevard near Seven Corners.

Today, the 3100 block of Wilson has many restaurants and shops, but the only sign this area was a little taste of home for thousands of Vietnamese refugees is Nam Viet Restaurant on N. Hudson Street.

The following Vietnamese businesses on the 3100 block of Wilson Boulevard were listed in the 1979 Haines Directory:

• 3105: Pacific Oriental Department Store
• 3107: Mekong Center
• 3133: Far Eastern Food and Gift/Viet Nam Center
• 3143: Kim Long [a general store]
• 3147: Saigon Market
• 3153: Vietnamese Custom Tailor
• 3171: Kim Ngoc Food and Gift
• The 1980 Haynes Directory added two more Vietnamese businesses:
• 3103: Huong Que Restaurant
• 3169: Saigon Souvenir and Jewelry

In the 2012 Haines Directory, no businesses with obvious Vietnamese links/names were listed for the 3100 block of Wilson.

Digitized Family Photos and Oral Histories Provide a Fascinating Look at Fifty Years of Development Along Columbia Pike

The really amazing thing about archives isn’t just the collecting, preserving, and sharing of collections– it’s the magic that happens when collections come together to give a richer, deeper picture of the past.

The Center for Local History has recently completed digitizing the Ruth Levin Photograph Collection. 

Coupled with the center’s extensive oral history collection, this small collection of photographs, donated to the library in the 1990s, provide a fascinating window into the changing nature of family life and small business ownership along the Columbia Pike corridor between the 1910s and the 1960s.

Sher family in front of M. Sher & Sons General Merchandise, Columbia Pike and Walter Reed Drive, circa 1922. Charlie Sher can be seen in front of the family’s Model T Ford Utility Truck.

Ida Sher moved to Arlington in 1918, when she was 8 years old, along with her parents, Menasha and Esther Sher, and her four brothers. They bought a country store, the former C.F. Burner’s Emporium, at the current location of the Arlington Cinema & Drafthouse. In an oral history with her brother Charlie conducted in 1975, he recalled their early years at M. Sher’s General Merchandise in a manner that might seem quite foreign to us today.

The family lived in the back of the store, which had no electricity, no heat, and no running water. Columbia Pike was unpaved, with just a few other businesses.

Deliveries were initially made with a horse and wagon, and the same wagon would make the trip to Washington Terminal at 11th and E St. SE to get ice three times a week– ice being a necessity to keep meat and other perishables fresh at the store.

There were no restaurants in the area when they first moved there, and Sher states that “I don’t think [my parents] ever went to a restaurant to eat.”  In 1924, however, Andrew Norton opened a restaurant, Norton’s Café, almost across the street from the Sher’s, at Columbia Pike and Edgewood. He had a son, Everett, who was the same age as the Sher’s youngest children, the twins Hyme and Joe.

Twin brothers Joe and Hyme Sher, circa 1925.

In an oral history with Everett Norton, we can see that even the nine-year age difference between Charlie and his youngest brothers meant experiencing a very different Arlington. He remembers a boyhood in an Arlington that was, by comparison, far more urban.

Norton recalls many more shops in the area, and where Charlie talks about taking a horse and wagon into DC to get ice, Norton remembers hitch-hiking to DC along the bus route:

I remember one time when Hymie Sher and I and Roy Pearson were–we were thumbing our way to Washington–and Bob May, the man that owned the bus company, came by; and he stopped. We thumbed a ride, and he stopped. And we said, “Are you going into Washington, Mr. May?” And he says, “No, but a bus is coming by here in five minutes.” He wanted to make that 15 or 30 cents.

It was still a very different world, however – while Joe and Hyme were among the earliest graduates of Washington-Lee High School, they were also perhaps the school’s first bus drivers. Mr. May, whose bus yard was in the Sher’s neighborhood, lent the school a bus, and the twins would drive and pick up students.

Ida Sher went on to meet and marry Sol Cohen, a young man who ran Cohen Brother’s Jewelers in Alexandria. But then her father took sick and needed help running the store. Sol and Ida moved back into the store where she had grown up to help mind it when her father could no longer do so. A few years later, their daughter Ruth was born, and her brother Charlie, who had been working at the store since 1918, opened Dependable Cleaners down the street.

Renamed Sher & Cohen’s Market, the business continued to do business throughout the Depression, despite often having to trade and barter with members of the community, while their suppliers demanded cash. In the late 1930s, they even managed to move across the street to a more modern building. When the US entered World War II, however, Sol was worried about being drafted, and sold the market.

Columbia Hardware & Appliance Company, 3102 Columbia Pike, 1950’s.

His brother was still running several jewelry stores, and he opened a gift shop adjoining one in Arlington Village, which did a brisk business selling gifts to workers from the Navy Annex and the Pentagon.

At the end of the war, he decided to change businesses and locations again, building a new hardware store only 200 yards down the street from the old M Sher General Store. The new Columbia Hardware & Appliance Company did a brisker business in furniture and appliances, and would eventually change names around 1956 to Columbia furniture.

In addition to selling home goods, the store– much as Sher’s had in the 1920s and 1930s– served as a place for the community to gather. Sol would keep the store open late so people could come by and watch the Friday night fights on television.

Their daughter, Ruth, would later recall how this practice led to her meeting her future husband, Dan Levin:

In those days many people didn’t have TVs. My father had the appliances and hardware and stuff so on Friday nights they used to have fights until ten o’clock or something so he used to keep the store open on Friday nights so people could come and watch TV.

When Danny’s family moved down here from New Jersey, they had moved here that week and on Friday night his mother and father went out for a walk, and they were out there out there watching the TV…[M]y sister, my mother and I and we came to the store. My aunt and a cousin were there. My aunt said to my cousin…  “Well, Mrs. Cohen, are you ready to go home?”

[H]is mother heard “Mrs. Cohen” so she went up and said, “Which one of you is Mrs. Cohen?”

My aunt said, “I’m Mrs. Cohen. This is my daughter-in-law, Naomi Cohen, and this is my sister-in-law, Ida Cohen.”

This lady said, “Are you Jewish?”

Of course my aunt said, “Yes.”

She said, “Well, we’re Jewish and we just moved here from New Jersey, and I have two sons and they’re tired of eating dairy, they want meat. Can you tell me where to find a Jewish butcher, a kosher butcher?”

…She said she had these two sons and of course here I am this bold little girl and I said, “How old are your sons?”

She said, “fifteen and seventeen.”

I said, “Do they like to bowl?”

In just a single generation these photos and oral histories show us so much about the rapid changes that happened to Arlington in the first half of the twentieth century. Columbia Pike goes from being a rural outpost with dirt roads, dairy farms, children working in shops and going swimming in creeks, to an urban area with a larger and more diverse population, paved roads, swimming pools, and teenagers going bowling in Clarendon.

We hope that by digitzing them and making them available online, we make these stories– and others like them– more accessible to people in Arlington and beyond, so that you can pore through them and make your own discoveries. These are very rich documents. Dig in!

• Ruth Levin Photograph Collection
• Oral History with Charlie Sher
• Oral History with Everett Norton
• Oral History with Ruth Levin