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Mystery Photo: Football Edition

Post Published: September 19, 2013

Can You Help Us Identify This Photograph?

The Center for Local History is looking for your help in learning more about this photo, found in the attic of a house on 21st Street South – the Arlington Ridge/Aurora Highlands neighborhood.

In the photo, a football team stands in front of a public school:

Finds like this are fascinating to us, because they pose so many questions… Who are these young men? What school are they from? And when was the photo taken?

The thirteen young men appear to be high-school aged, and they are wearing turn-of-the-century or early-twentieth-century football gear. The two men in suits are presumably coaches. They stand before an arched doorway labeled “Public School.” The back row of young men seem to be standing on miniature chairs. One man holds a football, upon which is painted “04.” The “04” suggests that they were either playing in 1904, or were from the class of 1904. But what other details back up that assumption? How do we know that “04” wasn’t painted onto the ball for some other reason?

Figuring out the date of a photo can be tricky, but fun.

Different historians, archivists, and history buffs have preferred methods. Some like to date pictures by finding the latest-model car in a street scene. Hairstyles and clothing can be good indications, though they can be misleading. In professional sports, uniforms change slightly but noticeably over the years, but these boys aren’t wearing uniforms.

Their gear, however, does present some clues. The minimal padding, sewn into their clothes and not worn separately, suggest that this was from the earliest days of football– “harnessed” leather pads that pulled on over the head began appearing around the turn of the century. Likewise, their boots suggest something from football’s earliest days.

The most interesting detail is the nose guards that several of the men are wearing.

While we have helmets with face masks to protect the mouth and nose today, there were no such protections in the early years of football. Instead, some players wore nose guards like the one seen to the right, which during play strapped around the players’ heads and protected the nose and teeth. At first we thought it resembled this nose guard, patented by Frank Wilcox in 1904, but the strap on Wilcox’s design is a bit lower. We eventually found our nose guard patented by the Morrill Company in 1891, which according to this page from the University of Michigan was for sale in the “Spaulding [sic] catalog” in 1902. Thus, we find support for the 1904 date.

But what team was this, and where were they photographed?

Our first thought was that the nearby Hume School (now the Arlington Historical Society) and other Arlington-area schools from that time period have somewhat similar arched entrances. But none that we are aware of have the stonework “Public School” over them.

More importantly, there was no public high school in the county at that time, so young men of this age would likely be going to school– and perhaps playing football for that school– at high schools in the District.

With all the above in mind, we turn it over to you, the public.

What clues can you glean from this picture? Do you recognize anyone? Can you identify the archway behind these men? Is there anything in the above post that seems off-base?

What can you tell us about this picture?

Local History: Growing Up with the Pike

Post Published: July 18, 2013

Digitized Family Photos and Oral Histories Provide a Fascinating Look at Fifty Years of Development Along Columbia Pike

The really amazing thing about archives isn’t just the collecting, preserving, and sharing of collections– it’s the magic that happens when collections come together to give a richer, deeper picture of the past.

The Center for Local History has recently completed digitizing the Ruth Levin Photograph Collection.

Coupled with the center’s extensive oral history collection, this small collection of photographs, donated to the library in the 1990s, provide a fascinating window into the changing nature of family life and small business ownership along the Columbia Pike corridor between the 1910s and the 1960s.

Sher family in front of M. Sher & Sons General Merchandise, Columbia Pike and Walter Reed Drive, circa 1922. Charlie Sher can be seen in front of the family’s Model T Ford Utility Truck.

Ida Sher moved to Arlington in 1918, when she was 8 years old, along with her parents, Menasha and Esther Sher, and her four brothers. They bought a country store, the former C.F. Burner’s Emporium, at the current location of the Arlington Cinema & Drafthouse. In an oral history with her brother Charlie conducted in 1975, he recalled their early years at M. Sher’s General Merchandise in a manner that might seem quite foreign to us today.

The family lived in the back of the store, which had no electricity, no heat, and no running water. Columbia Pike was unpaved, with just a few other businesses.

Deliveries were initially made with a horse and wagon, and the same wagon would make the trip to Washington Terminal at 11th and E St. SE to get ice three times a week– ice being a necessity to keep meat and other perishables fresh at the store.

There were no restaurants in the area when they first moved there, and Sher states that “I don’t think [my parents] ever went to a restaurant to eat.” In 1924, however, Andrew Norton opened a restaurant, Norton’s Café, almost across the street from the Sher’s, at Columbia Pike and Edgewood. He had a son, Everett, who was the same age as the Sher’s youngest children, the twins Hyme and Joe.

Twin brothers Joe and Hyme Sher, circa 1925.

In an oral history with Everett Norton, we can see that even the nine-year age difference between Charlie and his youngest brothers meant experiencing a very different Arlington. He remembers a boyhood in an Arlington that was, by comparison, far more urban.

Norton recalls many more shops in the area, and where Charlie talks about taking a horse and wagon into DC to get ice, Norton remembers hitch-hiking to DC along the bus route:

I remember one time when Hymie Sher and I and Roy Pearson were–we were thumbing our way to Washington–and Bob May, the man that owned the bus company, came by; and he stopped. We thumbed a ride, and he stopped. And we said, “Are you going into Washington, Mr. May?” And he says, “No, but a bus is coming by here in five minutes.” He wanted to make that 15 or 30 cents.

It was still a very different world, however – while Joe and Hyme were among the earliest graduates of Washington-Lee High School, they were also perhaps the school’s first bus drivers. Mr. May, whose bus yard was in the Sher’s neighborhood, lent the school a bus, and the twins would drive and pick up students.

Ida Sher went on to meet and marry Sol Cohen, a young man who ran Cohen Brother’s Jewelers in Alexandria. But then her father took sick and needed help running the store. Sol and Ida moved back into the store where she had grown up to help mind it when her father could no longer do so. A few years later, their daughter Ruth was born, and her brother Charlie, who had been working at the store since 1918, opened Dependable Cleaners down the street.

Renamed Sher & Cohen’s Market, the business continued to do business throughout the Depression, despite often having to trade and barter with members of the community, while their suppliers demanded cash. In the late 1930s, they even managed to move across the street to a more modern building. When the US entered World War II, however, Sol was worried about being drafted, and sold the market.

Columbia Hardware & Appliance Company, 3102 Columbia Pike, 1950’s.

His brother was still running several jewelry stores, and he opened a gift shop adjoining one in Arlington Village, which did a brisk business selling gifts to workers from the Navy Annex and the Pentagon.

At the end of the war, he decided to change businesses and locations again, building a new hardware store only 200 yards down the street from the old M Sher General Store. The new Columbia Hardware & Appliance Company did a brisker business in furniture and appliances, and would eventually change names around 1956 to Columbia furniture.

In addition to selling home goods, the store– much as Sher’s had in the 1920s and 1930s– served as a place for the community to gather. Sol would keep the store open late so people could come by and watch the Friday night fights on television.

Their daughter, Ruth, would later recall how this practice led to her meeting her future husband, Dan Levin:

In those days many people didn’t have TVs. My father had the appliances and hardware and stuff so on Friday nights they used to have fights until ten o’clock or something so he used to keep the store open on Friday nights so people could come and watch TV.

When Danny’s family moved down here from New Jersey, they had moved here that week and on Friday night his mother and father went out for a walk, and they were out there out there watching the TV…[M]y sister, my mother and I and we came to the store. My aunt and a cousin were there. My aunt said to my cousin… “Well, Mrs. Cohen, are you ready to go home?”

[H]is mother heard “Mrs. Cohen” so she went up and said, “Which one of you is Mrs. Cohen?”

My aunt said, “I’m Mrs. Cohen. This is my daughter-in-law, Naomi Cohen, and this is my sister-in-law, Ida Cohen.”

This lady said, “Are you Jewish?”

Of course my aunt said, “Yes.”

She said, “Well, we’re Jewish and we just moved here from New Jersey, and I have two sons and they’re tired of eating dairy, they want meat. Can you tell me where to find a Jewish butcher, a kosher butcher?”

…She said she had these two sons and of course here I am this bold little girl and I said, “How old are your sons?”

She said, “fifteen and seventeen.”

I said, “Do they like to bowl?”

In just a single generation these photos and oral histories show us so much about the rapid changes that happened to Arlington in the first half of the twentieth century. Columbia Pike goes from being a rural outpost with dirt roads, dairy farms, children working in shops and going swimming in creeks, to an urban area with a larger and more diverse population, paved roads, swimming pools, and teenagers going bowling in Clarendon.

We hope that by digitzing them and making them available online, we make these stories– and others like them– more accessible to people in Arlington and beyond, so that you can pore through them and make your own discoveries. These are very rich documents. Dig in!

Our Back Pages: The "Cracker Jack Box"

Post Published: June 24, 2013

A Memory of German Prisoners of War in Arlington, Virginia

The following is an excerpt from an oral history with Walter R. De Groot, from the Center for Local History’s oral history collection.

In reply to a question regarding POWs in Arlington during WWII:

INTERVIEWER: Where did they stay?

NARRATOR: They came from Arlington Hall.

INTERVIEWER: That’s where they were incarcerated?

War Bonds rally at Clarendon Circle, circa 1943. Rector’s Florist, seen in the background, is now the location of Spider Kelly’s.

NARRATOR: Well, they had some in camps around but I believe they were held, incarcerated, at [the] Arlington Hall area. They had a place over there. In fact, that takes [me] to the story when I was stationed in Germany in ‘54.

We as kids we used to take things from home like maybe cigarettes or candy or stuff like that and we’d go over to this prison camp. We kids called it the “Cracker Jack Box.” These prisoners in their off time didn’t have anything better to do and they would cut up tobacco cans and tin cans and they’d bend them and twist them and make them like something, like a horse or a bird or a carving. They would carve things. So we never knew [what we’d get] if we threw [something] and it was sort of like, “okay it’s your turn.” I’d go over to the fence and one of the prisoners would sort of meander over that way and let’s say I had gotten a few cigarettes. I would throw them over the fence and then he would show up and he’d throw something over the fence. We never knew what we were going to get. So that’s why it was called the “Cracker Jack Box.”

Now when I was in Germany I met a man who it turns out he had been incarcerated there and he had a young wife. Many of the young German girls spoke English. Why I don’t know other than they got that much of an education as a second language. But I had mentioned [this] to this fellow. I said something and he said, “My wife does not speak English but I do.” And then we got talking about how did you learn to speak such good English and he said, “I was a prisoner in America.”

And I said, “Oh, where?”

He said, “Oh, you wouldn’t know this place. It was a little town called Arlington.”

I said, “Oh my goodness. You came from the”Cracker Jack Box”!

He said, “You know the town”!

INTERVIEWER: Isn’t that amazing? What a story.

Walter R. De Groot Oral History, Series 3, #193, Center for Local History Oral History Project

Read this entire interview, or view all oral histories in the Project.

Introducing the Center for Local History at Arlington Public Library

Post Published: May 28, 2013

We’re Saying goodbye to the name “Virginia Room”…

This year has brought big changes to Central Library, with building-wide renovation and redesign.

The Local History Team has used these renovations as an opportunity to re-evaluate how we present our mission and projects to the public. After much consideration, as of our reopening this week, the “Virginia Room” name is being retired.

We are now the Center for Local History at Arlington Public Library.

What’s in a name?

Simply put, the name “Virginia Room” was insufficient to convey the scope of the work that we do and the resources we offer.

Our mission has not changed: we are still dedicated to collecting, preserving, and sharing the history of our community.

Our rich historical collections and range of projects offer the Arlington community the ability to not only learn about and research their history, but also contribute to its telling. We are, and have always been, much more than just a room; now our name will reflect this.

By changing our name to the Center for Local History we hope to provide a better explanation of who we are: our many projects and the mission that links them.

What is it you do, anyway?

The Center for Local History has three primary components:

The Virginiana Collection, located in our research room, is a special collection of library holdings including books, newsletters, maps, oral histories, and other materials pertaining to the history of the Arlington area specifically and Virginia more generally. These materials are not available to be checked out, but can be used by researchers during our research room hours.
The Arlington Community Archives, which collects and preserves documents about the history of Arlington County, its citizens, and organizations. The collection focuses on personal papers, photographs, and archival records of local organizations, clubs, and associations. Most of these holdings are kept off-site at our archives, but can be requested by researchers for perusal in our research room.
Finally, our Digital Initiatives include efforts to improve access to our holdings by digitizing them and making them accessible to the community online. This includes the digitization of holdings, the creation of online exhibits, and the preservation of born-digital holdings in the archives.

Later this summer, we will add another element to our Digital Initiatives program, as the Library’s Digital Projects Lab will become part of the Center for Local History.

The Digital Projects Lab will provide a variety of software and hardware to allow anyone to come in and share their own pieces of Arlington history, through scanning family photographs or recording oral histories, along with providing a space and resources to create digital projects.

The Center for Local History at the Arlington Public Library is located on the first floor of Central Library. We hope you will come and visit us, explore our collections and follow all the exciting new projects coming up this year and beyond.

This blog post represents the first in our new series, Unboxed, where we will give a behind-the-scenes view of new and interesting Center for Local History projects.

We have a lot of exciting projects in the pipeline, and this blog series will be a place where we can let you behind the scenes, show you what we’ve got in the works, and what we’re working on. Hope you follow along and enjoy it!

The Center for Local History at the Arlington Public Library

Website: library.arlingtonva.us/localhistory

Phone: 703-228-5966

Email: localhistory@arlingtonva.us

Research Room
1015 N. Quincy Street
Arlington, Virginia 22201

Sunday: Closed
Monday: 10 a.m. – 5 p.m
Tuesday: 10 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Wednesday: 1 p.m. – 9 p.m
Thursday: 10 a.m. – 5 p.m
Friday: Closed
Saturday: 10 a.m. – 5 p.m.

What Went Up Came Down, 1997

Post Published: February 21, 2013

1960s Courthouse Demolished Sixteen Years Ago

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At 7 a.m. on Feb. 23, 1997, the shell of the old Arlington County Courthouse came down in an impressive, yet controlled, implosion. Located across the street from the current courthouse and correctional center, the building was opened in 1960 with great fanfare, as it was a vast improvement over the original courthouse from 1898. However, the 1960 building had lots of asbestos and no sprinkler or fire alarm system, and a major fire in 1990 was its death knell. The county completed the current courthouse building in 1995, and the 1960 building was used by the fire department for training exercises until its demolition. The area is now a parking lot.

This series of photographs by County Photographer Deborah Ernst give a dramatic view of the implosion and the rubble it left behind.

Do You Know What Your Street Used To Be Named?

Post Published: January 15, 2013

How Arlington Made Sense of its Street Names and Paved the Way for Our First Federal Building

The 1935 Arlington County Directory of Street Names represents a unique moment in Arlington history-- a time when many Arlingtonians had to re-learn the names of their streets and those of their neighbors.

Page 1 from the Arlington County Virginia Directory of Street Names, 1935, screenshot of scanned document opened in the Community Archives.

In 1932, Arlington County had already begun a boom in population that would only continue over the next several decades. Between 1900 and 1930, the population of the once-rural area had grown by over 350%--from 6,430 to 23,278--despite the annexation of sizable portions of land by the city of Alexandria in 1915 and 1929.

New streetcar suburbs began popping up all around Arlington County--between 1900 and 1910 alone, plats for seventy new subdivisions were entered into the County Deed Books.

However, these new developments sprang up with little to no coordination or central planning, and by 1932, this was beginning to create problems. The developments formed what was, in effect, a confusing archipelago of small, unconnected towns, and street names were frequently repeated throughout the county. There were, by one account, as many as twenty-five different roads named "Arlington," for example, as well as many roads known as "Washington," "Virginia," and "Lee."

Visitors found the county difficult to navigate, neighborhood names had to be attached to mailing addresses to ensure that letters arrived at the right building, and some DC-area businesses even refused to deliver to customers in Arlington. There were also concerns about the Fire Department being dispatched to a house at the same address in the wrong subdivision.

1935 Arlington County Franklin Insurance Property Atlas

The newly-established “County Board-County Manager” Government of Arlington decided very quickly to try to rectify this situation. One of the primary issues motivating them seems to have been the desire to see a Post Office in Arlington, as mail service to Arlington had been routed through Washington D.C. since 1925, and the Post Office Department had dictated that no Post Office would be allocated to Arlington until its street naming scheme was more coherent and logical. To this end, a Street Naming Committee was established, tasked with rationalizing the county's street naming scheme.

Initially, the committee considered simply eliminating duplicate street names, leaving one street with each repeated name. The committee quickly decided that this approach was insufficient, and that a more general, systemic plan was necessary. Soliciting feedback from the county’s residents, the committee got a variety of proposals, from continuing DC’s alphabetical/numeric scheme to having the residents of each street vote on a street name.

Eventually, the committee decided on essentially the county’s current street naming scheme:

The county is divided into two sections, North and South Arlington, generally separated by Arlington Boulevard (US Route 50).
Numbered streets generally run east-west, parallel to Arlington Boulevard, and North and South designations follow numbered street names.
Named streets generally run north-south, and North and South designations precede named street names. These streets are generally named in alphabetical order from east to west, skipping the letters X, Y, and Z. When the end of the alphabet is reached, it is repeated with additional syllables-- thus Oak and Quinn Streets are to the east of Oakland and Quincy, which are in turn east of Ohio and Quantico Streets.
Boulevards, Drives, and Roads are generally major thoroughfares with historically recognized names, most of which were not renamed. Generally, these are the only through streets, unlike numbered and named streets, which tend to be broken up at times and intended primarily for local neighborhood traffic.

The Committee’s recommendations were put forward for public comment, and were approved with several small amendments in August of 1934--thirty months after the project began. In 1936, Arlington County was assigned a local Postmaster for the first time in over ten years, and the next year, the Postmaster General of the United States of America was on hand for the dedication of the cornerstone of the new Post Office in Clarendon--the first federal government building in Arlington County.

For people researching Arlington before 1934, the street name change can present challenges. This searchable PDF of the Arlington County Virginia Directory of Street Names, which opens by clicking or tapping on the cover image, can help with navigation of Arlington before the change.

To learn more about Arlington's history, visit the Center for Local History on the first floor of the Central Library.

Do you have a question about this story, or a personal experience to share?

Use this form to send a message to the Center for Local History.

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Our Fifth Annual "Too Cool for Yule Blog"

Post Published: December 3, 2012

The classified confetti from Macy’s parade is now gone.
Black Friday and Cyber Monday, too.
It’s that most wonderful time of the year
when holiday tunes reappear
and the sounding joys repeat on and on.

You’re sure to find something new.
Christmas (Baby Please Come Home) by U2?
Acid rock, jazz, classical, neo-prog?
Cementing our rep as a hip library blog.

The playlist lasts about an hour.
So grab a cuppa somethin’; a spot by the fire.
And don’t touch that dial.
Relax; crack a smile.
And jingle, juke and jive for a while.

As you click, spin or play your way into the holidaze
consider posting a comment below with YOUR seasonal faves.
Memories of Hanukah? Eid? Kwanzaa?
Each is welcome in this seasonal bonanza.

APL has had a wonderful year and for that we thank all of you.
We wish you joy and good cheer and a bright new year, too.

The “Don’t Touch That Dial” Mix 2012:

Joan Baez – Good King Wenceslas (Instrumental) (Instrumental) from “Noel”
Cyndi Lauper – Blue Christmas from “Blue Christmas”
Louis Armstrong – Winter Wonderland from “It’s Christmas Time”
Ella Fitzgerald – Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas from “Ella Wishes You a Swinging Christmas”
The Accidentals – I’m Not Going Home For Christmas from “Christine Lavin Presents: Just One Angel”
Miles Davis – Blue Xmas (To Whom It May Concern) from “Jingle Bell Swing”
Mark Murphy – My Favorite Things from “Rah”
John Coltrane Quartet – Greensleeves from “Africa/Brass”
George Strait – Hark, The Herald Angels Sing from “Classic Christmas”
The Chenille Sisters – Light Of the Stable from “In the Christmas Spirit”
Jethro Tull – Jack Frost And The Hooded Crow from “Christmas Album”
Doc Watson – Christmas Lullaby from “Sugar Plums – Holiday Treats from Sugar Hill”
The Christmas Revels – Brightest And Best from “Christmas Day in the Morning: A Revels Celebration of the Winter Solstice”
Anonymous 4 – The Shepherd’s Star from “The Cherry Tree: Songs, Carols & Ballads for Christmas”
Magnum Chorum – Hallelu! from “Wonder Tidings: Christmas Music of Stephen Paulus”
Susan Graham – Ned Rorem’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening from “40 Most Beautiful Christmas Classics”
Musica Intima – The Wexford Carol (arr. L. Price): The Wexford Carol from “O Nata Lux”
The Moody Blues – White Christmas from “December”
Cee Lo Green – You’re A Mean One, Mr. Grinch (feat. Straight No Chaser) from “Cee Lo’s Magic Moment”
The Four Seasons – Santa Claus Is Coming To Town from “The Four Seasons’ Christmas Album”
Andy Williams with Robert Mersey & His Orchestra (Arranged by Johnny Mandel) – It’s The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year from “The Andy Williams Christmas Album”
Bonus Track: Dreams So Real – Red Lights (Merry Christmas)

Added in Memoriam, Dec. 5, 2012: Dave Brubeck – The Christmas Song from “A Dave Brubeck Christmas”

And revisit Yule Blogs Past…

2008 / 2009 / 2010 / 2011

All photos by Diane Kresh

Director's Blog: November's Happy Ending

Post Published: November 27, 2012

It’s been quite an autumn in Arlington.

First came Hurricane Sandy, which thankfully caused little of the heart-breaking destruction seen to the north. Still, Sandy forced this region into shutdown mode and that included two days without services like the Library.

Then there was the big election, which just missed a record turnout but still found Arlingtonians waiting hours in some long, cold lines outside Central Library and other polling sites.

Just days ago we were dealing with the almost-meltdown of the shared Public Library and Public Schools catalog and accounts system. If you’ve ever lost your wallet, it was a similar feeling of dread. And then if you’ve ever had a lost wallet returned pretty much intact, it was a similar feeling of elation.

Board Chair Mary Hughes Hynes, left, with Diane Kresh.

And now bolstering a happy ending to November: the Library just won a pair of Arlington’s Best Business Awards–one for “Best Family Friendly Spot” and the other for “Best Customer Service.”

Thank you– for all the continued support, patience and best wishes we have received in the past weeks. If the Library could give out its own award, it would be a big collective one for “Best Customers.”

So, with the equivalent of a thousand words, Arlington Public Library presents to you, below, its enduring appreciation. You’re the best.

Photo by Diane Kresh

Our Back Pages: The Nearby Hideaways

Post Published: November 15, 2012

Nuclear attack was a constant boogeyman of the Cold War.

In the 1950s and 1960s especially, American citizenry was encouraged to be proactive in protecting themselves from nuclear fallout (remember “Duck and Cover”?).

Arlington was no exception. In late 1960s, the Northern Virginia Regional Planning Commission, which covered the cities of Alexandria, Fairfax and Falls Church and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudon and Prince William Counties, developed a civil defense plan for a possible nuclear attack. These plans included a fallout shelter program, mapping shelters in regard to population centers and how to get people to those shelters.

The Northern Virginia Region Community Shelter Program, published in 1968, outlined these plans and processes, and also published maps of shelter locations for subsets of the region. The Arlington Edition of the map sectioned the county into color-coded zones so users could find a shelter in their area and contained tips on creating and stocking your own shelter. The above image shows the fallout shelter locations for Shirlington, and the image below lists the names of these shelters. The map itself has the following introduction:

“In case of danger from fallout from a nuclear attack upon this country, you and your family would need to know WHERE TO GO and WHAT TO DO. This Community Shelter Plan contains this information for every citizen. It is based on making the best possible use of the fallout protection now available. If you and your family take action, as this Plan recommends, you will have maximum chance for survival from fallout effects.”

What about you?

Did you have a fallout shelter in your home or neighborhood? Do you remember preparing for “the Big One”? We want to hear from you.

Answers to (Almost) Anything

Post Published: October 2, 2012

Meet the Public (through the Press)

I had the pleasure of taking part last week in a new feature at the ArlNow.com local news site.

The “Ask Me (Almost) Anything” feature invited readers to post questions about Arlington Public Library and I spent about two hours answering in real time. It was great fun to tackle such a wide range of topics.

If you missed the chat, thanks for taking a look now.

And of course if you have any questions for the Library, the best place to start is our Help page.